Due to its contagiousness and vaccine-escape mutations, the latest severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) has sparked worldwide fear. The SARS-CoV-2 variant's critical infectivity and antibody resistance are determined by mutations in the Spike (S) protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). A comprehensive experimental study of Omicron, on the other hand, could take weeks or even months. For a hygienic and healthy work environment and treatment modality, we propose a standard operating protocol and protocols that all dental practitioners and staff should adhere to.

Modern dentistry aims to facilitate the patient to achieve excellent oral health. An ideal implant prosthesis can not only provide normal muscle activity, thereby improving the functions of mastication, but also improve esthetics profoundly. Among the factors involved to attain good esthetic result with implants, the correct positioning of the implant is one of the most important factors, along with preserving the integrity of gingival margins and interdental papillae. Preserving crestal bone is paramount, while planning for implant placement as it accumulates bacteria and leads to secondary peri-implantitis. Hence, the objective of this review article is to highlight the advantages of platform technique as compared to conventional treatment approach.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the deadliest pandemics that humanity has ever seen, affecting almost all countries in the world. The pandemic has taken a severe toll on the almost all realms of the society. The management of the pandemic is further complicated by the emergence of various strains of virus and differing phenotypes of severity in a population. The complex interplay between underlying host factors and evolution of viral strains makes it a daunting task to standardize the treatment protocols across a population. In this context, it is imperative to look into the solutions that the precision medicine may provide us for categorizing patient population, in tailoring treatment and in identifying newer treatment targets. In this review, we discuss the possibilities that precision medicine put forward in tackling COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Typhidot has been known to cross-react with a variety of viral illnesses. There has been some communication throwing light on the possible false-positive results in COVID cases, but overall there is a dearth of studies directly investigating the association. This is a small-sized observational cohort study to detect and analyze the association between these two conditions. Materials and Methods: During a period of 1 month, starting from April 1, 2021, to April 30, 2021, all patients admitted with a Reverse Transcriptase- Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)- positive report for SARS-CoV-2 to a nursing home in Ghaziabad were prescribed typhidot immunoglobulin M (IgM) test. Other parameters such as the radiological computed tomography score, hemoglobin levels, total leukocyte counts, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase enzyme levels, and the cycle threshold values of the RT-PCR test were recorded. The data thus collected were entered into a structured electronic data collection system and analyzed. Results: Thirty-seven percent of patients who were admitted with a diagnosis of RT-PCR-positive mild-to-moderate COVID pneumonia were also positive for typhoid IgM antibody. The distribution of this positive typhidot test was equal among both genders and was not found to be significantly associated with any of the other test variables. Conclusion: Our study reveals the anamnestic response of typhoid IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. A positive typhidot test should not mislead or delay the diagnosis of any other viral respiratory illness.

Background: Cervical cancer is a global health problem. It ranks as the fourth-most common leading cause of female cancer in the world and the second leading cause of female cancer in India. Different methods are used for its screening as it has a long latent phase. Colposcopy-guided biopsy of suspicious unhealthy-looking areas is taken as the gold standard in the diagnosis of intraepithelial lesions. However, a new scoring system of colposcopy called the Swede score has a high specificity and can omit the need of biopsy. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of colposcopy using Swede score in unhealthy cervix and to determine the degree of correlation between colposcopy scores and histopathological findings. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. Ninety-eight patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study. Results: It was evident that colposcopy using a Swede score of >5 and even more of >7 is definitely more sensitive and accurate in the screening of unhealthy-looking suspicious cervix in the Indian population and can be considered to use for performing a direct excisional procedure or cryotherapy as a “see and treat” method at this cutoff point, avoiding the need for cervical biopsy for histopathological confirmation. Conclusion: Swede score performed well in this hospital-based study on a selected population coming to gynecology OPD with complaints of lower abdominal pain, discharge per vaginum, dyspareunia, abnormal uterine etc. referred to the colposcopy clinic in view of unhealthy- looking suspicious cervix.

Background: This was a pre-experimental study to assess the effectiveness of diversional activities on violent behaviors among school children in selected government schools at Ghaziabad, UP. Aims & Objectives: The objectives of the study were to (i) assess the level of violent behaviors among school children before the diversional activities, (ii) to assess the effectiveness of diversional activities among school children on violent behaviors, and (iii) to find out the association between the levels of violent behavior among school children with selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A quantitative research approach containing a standardized tool including child behavior checklist was used to assess the violent behaviors among school children. The study was conducted at Guldharand, Raispur Primary School, Ghaziabad, UP, in February 2019. The students who met the study inclusion criteria were selected using purposive sampling technique. Results: The data gathered were analyzed and interpreted using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusion: The study showed that the diversional activities help in the reduction of violent behaviors among school children and there was no association between level of violent behavior and selected demographic variables.

Dermatoglyphic Patterns and Skeletal Malocclusion: Dermatoglyphics is the study of the intricate dermal patterns found on the skin of the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet. The term dermatoglyphics means “skin carving.” He has proven to be of predictive value for both genetic and nongenetic diseases in the medical field. It has been noted that the period of embryonic development for oral and dermal tissues overlaps. Thus, any impact on the development of oral tissues during this period may also represent itself in the dermatoglyphic patterns. Aim: Keeping this in mind, the present study was designed to investigate the correlation between malocclusions and representation in dermatoglyphic patterns. Materials and Methodology: A total of 90 subjects were selected for the study. Thirty cases each of Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal malocclusions were selected from the age group of 13–18 years of age with permanent molars present. Lateral cephalograms were taken and their dermatoglyphic patterns were recorded by rolling impression technique. The dermatoglyphic data were assessed for different finger ridge patterns and total ridge count (TRC). Results: On comparison of dermatoglyphic patterns between skeletal Class I, II, and III, the skeletal Class I group showed a markedly decreased number of loops and increased TRC. In the skeletal Class II group, we found markedly increased number of loops and markedly decreased TRC. In the skeletal Class III group, we observed a markedly decreased number of arches and increased TRC. Loops were found to be the most predominant pattern in the skeletal Class II and III groups. The mean TRC was found to be increased in the skeletal Class III group, followed by the Class I group and markedly decreased in the skeletal Class II group, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that dermatoglyphics can be used as a screening tool and for the early prediction of skeletal malocclusion at a younger age group. Dermatoglyphics have important practical and clinical implications which can be applied for preventive and interceptive orthodontics among pediatric patients and also for parent counseling.

Background: The available literature shows that approximately 75 million patients are experiencing postoperative complications that lead to about 2 million deaths every year. Thereby, there is an immense need to take care of all safety precautions for the surgery listed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Aim and Objectives: The aim is (1) To study the impact of the implementation of a surgical safety checklist on patient safety. (2) To study the compliance of the surgical team to the implementation of a surgical safety checklist following an education program. Materials and Methods: The present study is a prospective randomized controlled study conducted at Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad (Uttar Pradesh). The study was conducted from December 2019 to November 2020. Results: More than half of the standards were above 50% implemented in the operation theaters. Of the standards of before skin incisions, above 50% of them were not implemented. However, of the implemented standards, >75% were followed. In addition, the standards of before any member of the team left the operating room, above 75% of them were appropriately implemented in our setup. Conclusion: We conclude that the use of the WHO checklist prevents complications and reduces the inhospital length of stay, changes in morbidity, and potentially mortality as well across a wide range of patients undergoing simple or complex surgical procedures in hospitals within a well-developed and funded health-care system.

Background: According to the WHO, ocular injury results in 19 million people to become unilateral blind and 1.6 million to become bilateral blind. Ocular trauma constitutes a major part of preventable blindness. The following study was done to identify the demographic profile of the patients and nature of ocular trauma for developing acceptable methods for better management and early visual rehabilitation of patients. Aim: The aim was to study various demographic patterns and manifestations of ocular injuries. Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was carried out in the Department of Ophthalmology. One hundred cases of ocular trauma were included, and written consents were obtained. A detailed history specific to age, occupation, time of injury, type of object causing injury, and socioeconomic status of the patient was obtained through prestructured pretested pro forma. A detailed ocular examination along with a systemic examination was carried out. Results: In the present study, 24% of the cases were in the age group of 40–50 years. Sixty-five percent of the population was male. Thirty-one percent of the population presented within 24 h of trauma, 61% within 3 days, and 25% presented after 7 days. Ninety-five percent of the patients had unilateral trauma and 5% had bilateral trauma. Sixty-two percent of the patients had suffered from road traffic accidents, 25% had work-related trauma, whereas, in 13% of cases, trauma was at home. Blunt objects, foreign bodies, and sharp objects were the top three causes of trauma, accounting for 26%, 23%, and 15% of trauma cases, respectively; it was found that the anterior segment was involved in 74% of cases, the posterior segment in 4% of cases, and combined injury was in 22% of the cases. Conclusion: Most of the eye injuries can be prevented by educating people on various modes of ocular trauma, the need for early treatment, and importance of wearing safety eye gear. This study highlights on the epidemiology of ocular trauma as well as various preventive strategies.

Context: Specific learning disabilities (SLDs) is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by normal intelligence, and marked difficulty in academics and scholastic performance, thereby expressing gross discrepancy in the ability and achievement. Children with SLD have a typical cognitive profile. Like among the normal children, variance in the distribution of the intelligence is also observed among the children with SLD. Aims: The present study intends to categorize the children with SLD based on the intelligence quotient (IQ) and compare it with the nonlearning disabled (NLD) and further explore the cognitive profile associated with the respective category of SLD children. Settings and Design: In the present study, three groups of children in the age range of 8 to 12 years studying in 3 to 7^th standard were selected as the sample for the study. Subjects and Methods: Seventy-seven children with SLD and 24 NLD children were tested for their IQ using the Wechsler's Intelligence Scale for children-IV. Seventy-seven children with SLD were categorized into two groups based on their Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ). The results were statistically analyzed and compared. Statistical Analysis: Independent sample t-test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: It was found that 58.4% of children with SLD had the FSIQ below 90 and 41.6% of children with SLD represented with the FSIQ as above 90. Both the groups of SLD children were compared with the NLD group. The significant difference is observed in the cognitive proficiency index (CPI) and general ability index (GAI). The SLD children of FSIQ below 90 had deficits in the domain of CPI and GAI and the SLD children with FSIQ above 90 had deficits in the area of CPI alone. The GAI and CPI of these children were further analyzed to reveal that the SLD children with FSIQ above 90 had difficulty in the area of working memory. Conclusion: The SLD may be represented as two different categories based on the cognitive profile. One category of children with SLD has their problems and difficulties confined to the domain of the working memory, while the other category of children has difficulty in the area of both GAI and CPI indicating difficulty in perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.

Objectives: Liver abscess is a common disease in tropics with high morbidity and mortality if left untreated. It is quite prevalent among low socioeconomic population. In this study, we have analyzed the clinical and biochemical profile with management options for cases of liver abscess presented at a tertiary care hospital of Northern India. Materials and Methods: This was an observational prospective study conducted at Santosh Medical College and Hospital from March 2019 to March 2021. All patients underwent extensive clinical, biochemical evaluation and radiological examination, followed by treatment as per reports and requirement. All results were formulated in tabular form and analyzed accordingly. Results: Liver abscess is commonly seen in the Indian subcontinent. Middle-aged males are predominantly affected. Alcohol intake and diabetes are the significant risk factors. Pain abdomen and fever were the most frequent complaints. Escherichia coli was the most common organism causing pyogenic liver abscess. More than 75% of the cases can be treated with antibiotics and ultrasound-guided single needle aspiration. Conclusion: Hepatic abscess is a common disease of Indian subcontinent. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to prevent mortality. Ultrasound has emerged as a cheaper and effective diagnostic modality. The incidence of tubercular hepatic abscess is not uncommon.

Background: Children with urolithiasis (UL) are often encountered in general pediatric practice. Its rising incidence, high recurrence rate, serious long-term consequences, and paucity of data on pediatric UL led to the present research work. Recurrence usually remains unaltered unless dietary restrictions are followed stringently, so the emphasis in the present research was on the analysis of the diet consumed by participants. Materials and Methods: Children with UL were enrolled from the general pediatrics outpatient department of an urban hospital over 22 months in a prospective study. Data were collected on clinical profile, 24 h dietary details, blood and urine investigations, and ultrasound (USG) abdomen. Attempts were made to get basic metabolic work-up in as many children as possible. Results: Abdominal pain alone or with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) was found in 40 (83.3%) and 22 (45.8%) participants. Important etiological associations found were UTI (30, 62.7%), positive family history of UL (22, 45.8%), and obesity (5, 10.4%). Idiopathic hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, and hyperoxaluria were found in 9 (18.7%), 2 (4.2%), and 12 (25%) participants. Daily intake of liquids and calcium was low in 38 (79%) and 35 (72.9%) children, respectively. Intake of both salt and proteins was high in 30 (62.5%) children. The persistence of symptoms was found in 28 (58.3%) participants. Recurrence was found in 7 (14.5%) participants. Conclusion: Having a high index of suspicion of UL in all children presenting with recurrent unexplained UTI and/or recurrent abdominal pain and advocating USG abdomen early in such children can aid in the timely diagnosis of UL. Simple dietary manipulations such as adequate daily fluid and calcium intake along with avoiding high salt and animal protein diet may be beneficial by decreasing the recurrence rate of UL.

In the majority of health-care organizations including the field of dentistry, biomedical waste (BMW) is becoming a severe concern. All health-care employees must be informed of how to properly dispose of health-care waste and how to handle, segregate, and transport BMW. Proper segregation of BMW is highly essential during these current pandemic times. There is a rapid increase in the spread of infectious diseases, especially in the field of dentistry. COVID currently has a higher spread and affectivity ratio than any other disease since 2019, along with other diseases such as hepatitis and HIV. Without proper disposal of medical waste, there can be no assurance that these diseases will not spread. Hence, there is a need for a safety protocol, which is applied and implemented worldwide and their disposal in a specific guided manner. This article is intended to provide deep insight and to simplify how to categorize and dispose orthodontic BMW.

Soft-tissue hemangiomas are a common neoplasm of the angiomatous lesion origin that appear chiefly during childhood and is responsible for approximately 7% of the benign tumors. They are the most common angiomatous lesions that primarily affect women more than men. Intramuscular cavernous hemangiomas are rare in the limbs (0.8% of all hemangiomas), and <20% are mainly found in the head-and-neck region. In general, it is more common in young adults who have suffered from any kind of trauma. The frequency of hemangiomas is higher in the masseter muscle, whereas in very few cases, it is also observed in the buccinator muscle. An 18-year-old male presented at the tertiary care hospital with swelling in the right elbow measuring 1 cm × 1 cm. The swelling seemed to be arising from the right brachioradialis muscle. A benign cyst above the muscle plane was determined on the ultrasound examination. Furthermore, the excision biopsy sample collected for the histopathological examination showed irregularly dilated blood vessels lined with walls of varying thickness within the muscular plane. Based on the microscopic findings, the diagnosis of intramuscular cavernous hemangioma was made. The intramuscular cavernous hemangioma is a rare entity that makes it difficult to diagnose even with radiological investigations.

Ungual warts are very common benign growths in the dermatological outpatient department that are often tough to treat as they are resistant to available treatments and frequently recur. A variety of therapeutic modalities have been used with varying degrees of success. Intralesional bleomycin has emerged as an effective treatment option for recalcitrant periungual warts with minimal side effects. We report the case of a 22-year-old male with recalcitrant ungual warts which responded dramatically to intralesional bleomycin.

The Coronally Advanced flap is one of the most commonly used procedures for recession coverage because it is simple to perform and produces good results when compared to other techniques. In this case report, a 40-year-old male patient complained of receding gums and localized sensitivity to hot and cold in the upper left anterior tooth region, as well as aesthetic discomfort in the gingival recession site. The Coronally advanced flap with collagen membrane is used to treat the recession site, follow up of 3 months showed satisfactory results.